Pelvic inflammatory disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a spectrum of infections of the female genital tract that includes endometritis, salpingitis, tuboovarian abscess, and peritonitis. It can affect the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes (tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus), ovaries, and other organs related to reproduction. It is a common and serious complication of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially chlamydia and gonorrhea . According to the National Institutes of Health, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is "the most common and complication of sexually transmitted diseases (STD's) among women," aside from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). PID is a vague term and can refer to viral, fungal, parasitic, though most often bacterial infections. Many women who develop PID either experience no signs or symptoms or don't seek treatment. PID can be treated and cured with antibiotics. PID may be detected only later when a woman has trouble becoming pregnant and learns that her reproductive organs have been damaged. PID may also be detected when a woman develops chronic pelvic pain. Each year more than 1 million women in the United States are diagnosed with PID. PID causes infertility in more than 100,000 women each year. It's also the major cause of ectopic pregnancies.

Normally, the cervix prevents bacteria in the vagina from spreading up into the internal organs. The scarring that results on these organs can lead to infertility, tubal (ectopic) pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, abscesses (sores containing pus), and other serious problems. PID is the most common preventable cause of infertility in the United States. Some women can be very ill and have severe pain and fever. Others can have no obvious symptoms or even appear ill. The real significance of PID is that getting it causes changes in the normal anatomy of the woman's genital tract thus increasing the future risk of an ectopic pregnancy (where an embryo grow outside of the uterus leading to shock and death of the mother if not rapidly diagnosed) and/or infertility (an inability to get pregnant).  Up to 40% of women who get one of these infections and don't have it adequately treated will wind up with PID. The disease can flare-up suddenly, with symptoms including fever, pain and vomiting. This is acute PID. Alternatively, it can rumble on as a long-term (chronic) condition, with symptoms including pelvic pain and fatigue. Having PID can affect a woman's quality of life. Sex may be painful and it may be difficult

Causes of Pelvic inflammatory disease

The comman Causes of Pelvic inflammatory disease :

• Actinomyces species have been linked to some PID cases associated with intrauterine device (IUD) usage.
• Other organisms found in the vagina can also cause PID but are much less common.
• lack of contraceptive use (including hormonal contraceptives that, while protecting against or reducing the severity of the symptoms of PID, don't protect against contracting STDs)
• Sometimes it is caused by spread of a germ from a nearby structure (as in appendicitis).
• A sexually transmitted disease (STD) organism is not recovered in a third of women with PID.
• The majority of pelvic inflammatory disease cases are caused by the same bacteria that lead to sexually transmitted diseases (such as chlamydia , gonorrhea , mycoplasma, staph, strep).
• Gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoea) is also a fairly common cause.
• In less-developed countries, PID may be due to a granulomatous salpingitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Schistosoma species.

Symptoms of Pelvic inflammatory disease

Some common Pelvic inflammatory disease :

• Fatigue.
• Abdominal pain.
• Low back pain.
• Chills.
• Fever.
• pain during sex,
• Vaginal discharge with abnormal color, consistency or odor.
• Pain in the lower belly area.
• Irregular menstrual bleeding or spotting.
• Tenderness.
• Nausea, with or without vomiting.

Treatment of Pelvic inflammatory disease

• The doctor is likely to prescribe antibiotics for at least two weeks. This will usually take the form of two different antibiotics at the same time, as the infection is often difficult to eradicate.
• You will need extra rest and may need to take pain killers as well as the antibiotics. You should avoid sex until both you and your partner have been checked by the doctor and treated if necessary. Your doctor may want to refer you to a specialist for further advice.
• Refrain from vigorous pelvic activity (e.g., sex) that can spread the infection and slow healing.
• The patient has severe illness, nausea, vomiting, or high fever.
• Treatment should not be postponed due to the evidence that prevention of long-term sequelae is linked with timely administration of appropriate antibiotics
• Remove an IUD before beginning treatment.
• Inform sex partners for examination and treatment, if necessary, even if the partners do not have symptoms of an STD. Otherwise, the patient may be reinfected. The patient should not have sex until the partner has been cleared of STDs.
• Another severe illness is present that could complicate the course of PID or have an adverse effect on treatment

Women's Health

Adenomyosis
Ahumada-Del Castillo Syndrome
Anovulatory cycles
Asherman's syndrome
Atrophic vaginitis
Bacterial vaginosis
Baker's Cyst
Bartholion gland cyst
Candida infection
Cervical Ectropion
Cervical Erosion
Cervical mucous
Cervical polyp
Cystocele
Cystocoele
Dermoid Cysts
Dry vagina
Endometriosis
Enterocoele
Fibroids
Ganglion cysts
Gonorrhoea
Hydrometrocolpos
Hysteria
Lactose intolerance
Laryngitis
Legionnaire's disease
Leprosy
Leptospirosis
Leucorrhoea
Leukaemia
Lice infestation
Lichen planus
Lipoma
Liver cirrhosis
Mittelschmerz
Nabothian gland cyst
Oestogen dominance
Ovarian cysts
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pilonidal cyst
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Popliteal cysts
Rectocoele
Sebaceous cysts
Trichomonas infection
Urethral caruncle
Urethrocoele
Vaginal atrophy
Vaginitis
Vulvodynia
Wernicke korsakoff synodrome